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Microscope Stage

Do you understand your stage and grade of your kidney cancer?

After the initial shock of the diagnosis, try to push your emotions aside so you can get answers about your kidney cancer, your treatment plan, and prognosis.

GRADE and STAGE of your kidney cancer are very import for you to know before choosing your treatment plan. Your doctor can tell you the grade and stage of your kidney cancer after giving a scan or kidney biopsy and other tests to you.

So, what are the grade and stage of kidney cancer?

In a nut shell, the GRADE of cancer is what the cancer cells look like under a microscope. STAGE is the size of the tumor and how far it has spread.

Your treatment plan and prognosis depends on the stage and grade of your kidney cancer and other factors such as your general health and age. (Treatment choices) This is why knowing your grade and stage of kidney cancer is so important.

Grades of Kidney Cancer

The grade of your cancer is doctors use to describe how the cancer cells look. The grade refers to how the part of the cell where DNA is stored, called the nucleus, looks compared to normal kidney cells’ nuclei.  Your pathology report should use the Fuhrman Grade, it is the most widely used and most predictive grading system for renal cell carcinoma. Fuhrman grade is on a scale of I through IV, where grade I carries the best prognosis and grade IV carries the worst. Grading will help your doctor predict how fast the cancer may grow and spread. The lower the number, the closer the cancer cells look like normal cells and the better the prognosis. At the other extreme, cancers with a grade 4 look very different from normal kidney cells. They have a worse prognosis.

Stages of Kidney Cancer

Although the cell type and grade are sometimes helpful in predicting a prognosis, the cancer’s stage is by far the best predictor of survival.

The stage of your cancer is doctors use to communicate the size of a tumor and where and how deeply it has spread. When you are diagnosed with kidney cancer, the doctor needs to know the type of kidney cancer you have (clear cell (65%), papillary (15%), chromophobe cell (10%), oncocytoma (5%) or unclassified(5%) ) and the stage the cancer is in.

The TNM System is a standard system for describing the extent of a cancer’s growth. The International Union Against Cancer and the American Joint Committee on Cancer developed this system. Here’s what the letters stand for in the TNM System:

• T indicates the size of the main (primary) tumor and whether it has grown into nearby areas.
• N describes the extent of spread to nearby (regional) lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped collections of immune system cells that are important in fighting infections.
• M indicates whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) to other organs of the body. (The most common sites of spread are to the lungs, bones, liver and distant lymph nodes.)

T3a

Numerical values, from X to 3, are assigned to the T, N, and M categories. Once the T, N, and M categories have been assigned, this information is put together in what is called stage grouping. Stage grouping is used to determine your overall disease stage. It is expressed in Roman numerals from I (the earliest stage) to IV (the most advanced stage). Here are the 4 stages of kidney cancer.

Stage I. The cancer is found only in the kidney, and it is 7 centimeters or less in diameter.

Stage II. The cancer is found only in the kidney, and the tumor is greater than 7 centimeters in diameter.

Stage III. In this stage, one of the following is true.

• Cancer is in the kidney and in one nearby lymph node. (Lymph nodes are small bean-shaped structures that are found throughout the body. They produce and store infection-fighting cells.)
• Cancer is in an adrenal gland or in the layer of fatty tissue around the kidney. (The adrenal gland, which is attached to the top of the kidney, produces certain hormones.) It may also be in one nearby lymph node.
• Cancer is in the main blood vessels of the kidney or the large vein that the kidneys drain into, known as the vena cava. It may also be in one nearby lymph node.

Stage IV. In this stage, one of the following is true.

• The cancer has spread outside the connective tissue covering of the kidney, known as Gerota’s Fascia.
• The cancer has spread to 2 or more nearby lymph nodes.
• The cancer has spread to other organs, such as the bowel, pancreas, or lungs. It may also be found in nearby lymph nodes.

About the Author

My site was built up to record my father's kidney cancer and provide information about kidney cancer, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, staging, diet & nutrition, treatment and prognosis, and other related topics such as qigong, traditional Chinese medicine, etc.

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Artec 8247 Microscope with Adjustable Stage F600 $214.9 Even though this biological Adjustable Stage F600 microscope is moderately priced it has advanced features. Length: 6.1. Height: 12. Width: 7.9.

Microscope Slide $70.1 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A microscope slide is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 25 mm (3 by 1 inches) and about 1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a microscope. Typically the object is placed or secured ( mounted ) on the slide, and then both are inserted together in the microscope for viewing. This arrangement allows several slidemounted objects to be quickly inserted and removed from the microscope, labeled, transported, and stored in appropriate slide cases or folders.Microscope slides are often used together with a cover slip or cover glass, a smaller and thinner sheet of glass that is placed over the specimen. Slides are held in place on the microscopes stage by slide clips or slide clamps. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 96 Publication Date: 2010/07/31 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.22 inches

Artec 8244 Microscope with Adjustable Stage F400 $214.9 Biological microscope with advanced features yet moderately priced. Length: 6. Height: 12. Width: 7.9.

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AmScope 40X-1600X Binocular Biological Microscope + Mechanical Stage $191.1 This is a brand new binocular compound microscope that offers eight magnification settings: 40X, 64X, 100X, 160X, 400X, 640X,1000X & 1600X. It comes with a binocular sliding head, two pairs of widefield eyepieces, four Archromatic objectives, coarse & fine focusing, mechanical stage, and electrical illumination system. It is an ideal instrument for clinical examination, teaching demonstration, and biological, bacteriological & pharmaceutical researches. This microscope is made by the same technicians and on the same production line as optical instruments for Leica, Zeiss, Nikon and Olympus. It is in factory sealed box. Its retail value is above $1,200. Type: Microscopes

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AmScope 40x-1000x Dual-View Compound Microscope with Mechanical Stage $186.2 This is a brand new teaching & training high power compound microscope with mechanical stage. It offers four magnification settings: 40X, 100X, 400X and 1000X. This microscope is specially designed for teaching and training purpose. It is a perfect family or home school microscope. It is also an ideal instrument for biological, bacteriological and pharmaceutical researches. Its retail value is above $830. Type: Microscopes

AmScope 40x-400x Biological Dual-View Compound Microscope with Mechanical Stage $146.02 This brand new dual viewing microscope with mechanical stage offers 40X, 100X 400X basic magnifications. Various eyepieces, 5X, 10X, 16X 20X, are available for the second viewing tube to extend magnification range or let two observers to view at the same time. This microscope is specially designed for teaching demonstration and/or clinical examination. It is a perfect family or home school microscope. It is also an ideal instrument for biological, bacteriological and pharmaceutical researches. Its retail Value is $650. Type: Microscopes

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AmScope 40X-1600X Binocular Microscope + Digital USB PC Camera + Mech. Stage $273.42 This is a brand new binocular compound microscope with mechanical stage and USB color digital camera. The microscope provides eight magnification settings, 40X, 64X, 100X, 160X, 400X, 640X, 1000X & 1600X. It comes with a binocular sliding head, two pairs of widefield eyepieces, four Achromatic objectives, coarse & fine focusing, mechanical stage, and electrical illumination system. The camera captures microscope still images or displays live images on your PC screen. It provides 640x480 pixel resolution and is compatible with Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7 and Mac OS 10.6 & up. Its built-in reduction lens gives the same field of view images as those seen through eyepieces. With the user friendly software included, you can edit microscope images in the same way as you use PhotoShop. You can record videos, capture still images, and save them in BMP, TIFF, JPG, PICT, PTL and other formats. You can also conduct length, angle, area and other measurements across images. The mechanical stage makes the precise control of sl Type: Microscopes

Ginsberg Scientific 71304 Prism Microscope $74.46 Created specifically for beginners this microscope is ideal for young students. It is a perfect microscope for lab or field use. Some special features for young scientists include: sturdy construction of cast metal no knobs to break or lose and a chemicalresistant finish. The microscope also incorporates a builtin lightgathering prism for simple lighting and a sliding barrel focus adjustment which prevents accidental impact with slides. It comes with spring stage clips a 10x eyepiece and a 4x objective lens for good quality viewing. Dimensions: 4 x 5.5 x 10.5 .

Artec 8764 HandBuilt Microscope 150X $521.2 Make a microscope Take a look at the microworld with your original 150X microscope. By building a simple microscope yourself you can learn about the structure of microscope. Total magnification of 150X You can see objects clearly with transmission light. Included in the kit:. Objective lens Large (17mm PMMA) x1. Objective lens Small (14mm PMMA) x1. Eyepiece lens (Sleeve dia.: 21.5x38mm) x1. Main body (Paper pipe) x5. Connecting part x1. Shade part x1. Lamp stage(with battery cell) x1. School glue x1. Glass slide x2 . Main body: Approx. 31x135mm (When connected to the light source: 90x200mm).

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AmScope 40x-1000x Binocular Biological Microscope + Mech Stage + Slides $195.02 This is a brand new binocular compound microscope with mechanical stage plus a prepared and blank slide kit. The microscope is designed for clinical examination and teaching demonstration in medical field, laboratories and colleges. It comes with a binocular sliding head, coarse and fine focusing system. It is made by the same technicians and on the same production line that makes optical instruments for Leica, Zeiss, Nikon and Olympus. The 10-piece slide set including five blank slides and five prepared slides: Pine Stem, Sunflower Stem, Onion Epidermis, Cotton Stem and House Fly Leg. This package is an ideal conbimation for students, vets and those in biological, bacteriological and pharmaceutical areas. It is brand new in factory sealed box. Its retail value is above $1,200. Type: Microscopes

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